The efficient transmission of the neuronal action potential is essential for all aspects of nervous system function; and this process is intimately dependent on the insulation of the axon by the myelin membrane. The process of myelination is an exquisite and dynamic example of cell-cell interaction, which consists of the concentric wrapping of multiple layers of membrane around an axon. This process requires a series of highly orchestrated events that balance both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms to coordinate the spatiotemporal regulation of myelination. Demyelination as a result of disease or injury severely disrupts the efficient transmission of the action potential, ultimately resulting in a loss of function. In order to effectively treat these devastating conditions, it is essential to expand our knowledge concerning the generation and maturation of the myelin-forming cells and the processes that lead to myelination. A major goal of my research is to understand the fundamental molecular mechanisms involved in the development and differentiation of the myelin-forming cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems. More importantly, my research program attempts to identify novel target molecules and pathways in the development of potential therapeutics for demyelinating diseases and after nerve injury. Our recent findings and advances in in vitro and in vivo myelination techniques give us a rare opportunity to study and characterize these complex processes in a reduced system. Understanding the factors regulating these processes could prove invaluable for the treatment of demyelinating conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis and spinal cord injuries.